In late pregnancy, which respiratory symptom is commonly observed?

• A. Nasal congestion
• B. Shortness of breath
• C. Wheezing
• D. Chest tightness

Answer: (B)

Late in pregnancy, the body’s respiratory system adapts to support higher metabolic demands and the growing uterus. Progesterone increases the drive to breathe, so ventilation rises and tidal volume (and thus minute ventilation) go up, which can make you feel breathless even with light activity. At the same time, the expanding uterus pushes the diaphragm up, reducing the lungs’ functional capacity and altering chest wall mechanics. This combination commonly manifests as shortness of breath. Nasal congestion can also occur from estrogen-induced mucosal swelling, but the most characteristic respiratory change is dyspnea. Wheezing or chest tightness would point to an airway condition rather than normal pregnancy physiology.