Which factor is most associated with higher blood pressure in some populations?

• A. Younger age
• B. African American race
• C. Female sex after menopause
• D. Lower body mass

Answer: (B)

Blood pressure varies across populations, and one group shows consistently higher rates and earlier onset. African American populations have a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and are at greater risk for its complications, due to a mix of genetic factors, salt sensitivity, and broader social determinants like diet, stress, and access to care. Younger age is typically linked to lower blood pressure, since levels tend to rise with age. While menopause can raise blood pressure in women, the strongest population-level association with higher blood pressure is race. Lower body mass would not explain higher blood pressure; in fact, higher body mass is a known risk factor for hypertension.