Which statement describes edema in venous insufficiency?

• A. Mild edema with no pitting.
• B. Non-pitting edema.
• C. Edema is not present.
• D. Severe edema with pitting.

Answer: (D)

Edema from venous insufficiency arises from increased hydrostatic pressure in the leg veins, causing fluid to leak into the interstitial tissues, especially with standing. This fluid buildup is typically dependent and often produces pitting edema—pressing on the swollen area leaves a temporary indentation that rebounds as fluid shifts. The description of severe edema with pitting best reflects this pattern, particularly as the day ends and venous pressure is highest, improving with leg elevation. Mild edema with no pitting would be less typical for venous insufficiency, and non-pitting edema points to other conditions such as lymphedema or myxedema. Edema not present would not match venous insufficiency.